Institutional Architecture of Deradicalization and Rehabilitation in the Religious Sphere: Domestic and International Experience

Abstract

This article examines issues of deradicalization and rehabilitation in the religious sphere in the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad. The study is based on a comprehensive approach, combining an analysis of domestic and international legislation, regulations, and scientific literature on these issues. Additionally, the practical experience of Kazakhstani scholars and authors working with individuals affected by the activities of radical groups and repatriates returning from terrorist zones is used. The study traces the evolution of Kazakhstan’s state policy in this area, from forceful measures to the formation of a more balanced Kazakhstani model focused on early detection, prevention, and comprehensive rehabilitation. Particular attention is paid to expanding assistance tools, including theological work, medical and psychological, legal support, and social adaptation measures. The authors conclude that Kazakhstan currently operates a unique model, implemented through collaboration between government agencies and civil society. This model has some problematic issues that will be improved. Overall, an analysis of domestic and international experience in deradicalization and rehabilitation shows that the Kazakhstani model demonstrates the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental approach and is of interest for further scientific and practical research.